1. A researcher is investigating the effect of a new fertilizer on the growth of tomato plants. They set up an experiment with two groups: one group receives the new fertilizer, and the other group (the control) receives no fertilizer. After 4 weeks, they measure the height of each plant. Which statistical test should the researcher use to analyze the data and determine if there is a significant difference in plant growth between the two groups?

2. A scientist is studying the effects of a new drug on the growth of bacteria. They inoculate 4 petri dishes with the same strain of bacteria and expose them to different concentrations of the drug. After 24 hours, they measure the diameter of the bacterial colonies in each dish. Which of the following is the best way for the scientist to analyze the data and determine the effect of the drug concentration on bacterial growth?

3. A researcher is studying the effects of a new drug on the survival of cancer cells in a petri dish. They expose the cancer cells to different concentrations of the drug and measure the percentage of cells that survive after 48 hours. The researcher wants to determine the half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) of the drug, which is the concentration at which 50% of the cells are killed. Which of the following methods would be most appropriate for the researcher to use to calculate the EC50?

4. A researcher is investigating the effect of pH on the activity of an enzyme. They set up five experiments, each with the same concentration of enzyme and substrate, but at different pH levels: 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, and 8.0. They measure the rate of product formation in each experiment. Which of the following graphs would best represent the relationship between pH and enzyme activity?

5. A researcher is studying the effects of a new drug on the growth of cancer cells in a petri dish. They expose the cancer cells to different concentrations of the drug and measure the percentage of cells that survive after 48 hours. The researcher wants to determine the half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) of the drug, which is the concentration at which 50% of the cells are killed. Which of the following methods would be most appropriate for the researcher to use to calculate the EC50?

6. A biologist is studying the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis in a plant species. They set up four growth chambers, each with the same light intensity and nutrient conditions, but with different temperatures. After a fixed time, they measure the rate of oxygen production (a proxy for photosynthesis rate) in each chamber. Which of the following is the best way to analyze the data and determine the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis?

7. A researcher is studying the effects of a new drug on the growth of bacteria. They inoculate 12 petri dishes with the same strain of bacteria and expose them to different concentrations of the drug. After 24 hours, they measure the diameter of the bacterial colonies in each dish. The researcher wants to determine if there is a correlation between the drug concentration and the diameter of the bacterial colonies. Which statistical analysis would be most appropriate for the researcher to use?

8. A researcher is studying the effects of a new fertilizer on the growth of tomato plants. They plant 20 tomato seedlings and divide them into 4 groups of 5 plants each. They apply different concentrations of the fertilizer to each group and measure the height of the plants after 4 weeks. The data they collect is as follows: Group 1 (control, no fertilizer): Plant heights (cm): 25, 28, 30, 27, 29 Group 2 (low fertilizer concentration): Plant heights (cm): 32, 35, 33, 36, 34 Group 3 (medium fertilizer concentration): Plant heights (cm): 40, 42, 38, 41, 39 Group 4 (high fertilizer concentration): Plant heights (cm): 45, 47, 43, 46, 44 The researcher performs an ANOVA test on the data and finds that the p-value is less than 0.05. Based on this result, which of the following conclusions can the researcher draw about the effect of the fertilizer on tomato plant growth?

9. A biologist is studying the population dynamics of a species of fish in a lake. They collect data on the number of fish in the lake over a 10-year period. Which of the following statistical analyses would be most appropriate for the biologist to use to understand the trends in the fish population over time?

10. A researcher is studying the effects of a new fertilizer on the growth of tomato plants. They plant 20 tomato seedlings and divide them into two groups of 10. One group receives the new fertilizer, while the other group receives a placebo. After 4 weeks, the researcher measures the height of each plant. Which of the following statistical tests would be most appropriate for the researcher to use to analyze the data?