1. A biologist is studying the population dynamics of a species of fish in a lake. They collect data on the number of fish in the lake over a 10-year period. Which of the following statistical analyses would be most appropriate for the biologist to use to understand the trends in the fish population over time?

2. A researcher is studying the effects of a new drug on the growth of bacteria. They inoculate 4 petri dishes with the same strain of bacteria and expose them to different concentrations of the drug. After 24 hours, they measure the diameter of the bacterial colonies in each dish and obtain the following results: Dish 1 (control, no drug): Bacterial colony diameter (mm): 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 Dish 2 (low drug concentration): Bacterial colony diameter (mm): 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 Dish 3 (medium drug concentration): Bacterial colony diameter (mm): 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 Dish 4 (high drug concentration): Bacterial colony diameter (mm): 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 Based on the data, which of the following conclusions can the researcher draw about the effect of the drug on bacterial growth?

3. A researcher is studying the effects of a new drug on the growth of cancer cells in a petri dish. They expose the cancer cells to different concentrations of the drug and measure the percentage of cells that survive after 48 hours. The researcher wants to determine the half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) of the drug, which is the concentration at which 50% of the cells are killed. Which of the following methods would be most appropriate for the researcher to use to calculate the EC50?

4. A researcher is investigating the effect of pH on the activity of an enzyme. They set up five experiments, each with the same concentration of enzyme and substrate, but at different pH levels: 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, and 8.0. They measure the rate of product formation in each experiment. The results show that the enzyme activity is highest at pH 7.0 and decreases as the pH deviates from this value. Which of the following factors could explain the observed relationship between pH and enzyme activity?

5. A researcher is studying the effects of a new drug on the growth of cancer cells in a petri dish. They expose the cancer cells to different concentrations of the drug and measure the percentage of cells that survive after 48 hours. The researcher wants to determine the minimum concentration of the drug that is effective in killing at least 90% of the cancer cells. Which of the following methods would be most appropriate for the researcher to use to determine this?

6. A researcher is investigating the effect of a new drug on the growth of bacteria. They inoculate 4 petri dishes with the same strain of bacteria and expose them to different concentrations of the drug. After 24 hours, they measure the diameter of the bacterial colonies in each dish. Which of the following is the best way to analyze the data and determine the effect of the drug concentration on bacterial growth?

7. A researcher is studying the effects of a new drug on the growth of bacteria. They inoculate 4 petri dishes with the same strain of bacteria and expose them to different concentrations of the drug. After 24 hours, they measure the diameter of the bacterial colonies in each dish and obtain the following results: Dish 1 (control, no drug): Bacterial colony diameter (mm): 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 Dish 2 (low drug concentration): Bacterial colony diameter (mm): 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 Dish 3 (medium drug concentration): Bacterial colony diameter (mm): 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 Dish 4 (high drug concentration): Bacterial colony diameter (mm): 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 The researcher performs a statistical analysis on the data and finds that the p-value is less than 0.01. Based on this result, which of the following conclusions can the researcher draw about the effect of the drug on bacterial growth?

8. A researcher wants to investigate the relationship between the amount of sunlight a plant receives and its growth rate. They set up an experiment with 4 groups of plants, each receiving a different amount of sunlight per day (2 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours, and 8 hours). After 4 weeks, they measure the height of each plant. Which statistical test should the researcher use to analyze the data and determine if there is a significant difference in growth rate between the groups?

9. A researcher is investigating the effect of pH on the activity of an enzyme. They set up five experiments, each with the same concentration of enzyme and substrate, but at different pH levels: 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, and 8.0. They measure the rate of product formation in each experiment. Which of the following graphs would best represent the relationship between pH and enzyme activity?

10. A biologist is studying the relationship between the size of a bird species and its habitat. They collect data on the body size and the type of habitat (e.g., forest, grassland, urban) for a sample of birds. Which statistical analysis should the biologist use to determine if there is a significant difference in body size between birds from different habitats?