1. If a number is divisible by 9, it is divisible by 3. The number 12 is divisible by 3. Which of the following can be concluded?

2. If it's a holiday, the mail isn't delivered. The mail wasn't delivered today. Therefore, it must be a holiday. This reasoning is:

3. A social media platform changes its algorithm to prioritize posts from friends and family. User engagement increases by 25% in the following month. What is the most probable cause of this increase?

4. A university introduces a mandatory study skills course for first-year students. The following year, freshman retention rates increase by 8%. What is the most likely cause of this improvement?

5. If no X is Y, and all Z are Y, which of the following must be true?

6. In a certain code, '253' means 'books are old', '546' means 'man is old' and '378' means 'buy good books'. What stands for 'are' in that code?

7. CATALYST : INHIBITOR ::

8. You can't criticize the president's foreign policy because you've never been president yourself. This argument commits which fallacy?

9. The athlete's _____ performance in the championship game secured her team's victory.

10. A country implements a carbon tax on industries. Over the next five years, national carbon emissions decrease by 15%. What is the most probable cause-and-effect relationship here?